Tools and equipment used in technical drawing. Tools and materials used for technical drawings:
Technical Drawing Instruments:
Technical Drawing Tools and Equipment:
Technical Drawing Instruments
Drafting Tables
Drafting tables are made of wood like poplar or linden, or of particleboard. It’s important that their surfaces are smooth. They’re usually covered with a white vinyl sheet. Wiping the vinyl surface periodically with a soapy cloth keeps the work environment clean. Having a clean drawing environment matters in technical drawing.
Drafting table dimensions: (recommended width x length)
250×350 for A4 paper 350×500 for A3 paper; 500×700 for A2 paper
700×1000 for A1 paper, 1750×2000 for A0 paper
Some drafting tables come with a built-in drawing mechanism. On drafting tables without one, a smooth wooden strip is mounted along the left edge to guide the T-square.
T-Square
Although the T-square has seen less use in recent years with the spread of computer-based technical drawing software (AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Catia, 3ds Max, etc.), it remains an indispensable tool for technical draftsmen and engineering students working without a computer.
They’re made from non-warping woods like beech, pear, or mahogany, or from clear plastic. Their shape resembles the letter “T,” hence the name T-square. It has millimeter graduations, and its head can be fixed or movable and graduated in degrees, giving it multi-directional working capability.
How Is a T-Square Used?
A T-square can be used for hatching and drawing vertical lines by resting a 30° or 45° set square on top of it.
Flat Rulers
Usually made of wood, plastic, or steel, about 30 cm long. They’re used to transfer measurements onto paper, blueprint paper, or tracing paper, or to carry a measurement from one place to another.
Wooden ones wear out quickly and have less dimensional accuracy, so they’re not used much in technical drawing.
Scale Rulers
Used for drawings that need to be scaled up or down. Its cross-section is triangular, with scales along each edge. These scales are ratios like 1:20, 1:200, 1:75, 1:750, etc. They’re also handy for practically converting between these scales.
Tools and equipment used in technical drawing / scale ruler
Flexible Curve Ruler
Rulers with millimeter graduations, used to draw lines of various curvature. Used to take measurements of areas that can’t be measured with a flat ruler.
It can be bent and shaped. Because it has a lead core, it holds its shape once bent. Its outer surface is coated in plastic.
Hatching Ruler
Hatching rulers are attachments used to draw evenly spaced hatch lines. A ruler and a French curve can be attached to it to create hatching and various patterns. It’s used similarly to a universal drafting head.
Set Squares
A drafting tool made of clear plastic, used to draw lines by sliding it along a T-square. Its edges have millimeter graduations, so they’re also used to transfer measurements from one place to another.
They come in two types: 30° and 45°.
The 30° set square has angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. The 45° set square has angles of 45°, 45°, and 90°.
Protractor
What is a protractor? Used to measure angles between 0°-180° and 0°-360°. The ones used in technical drawing are made of clear plastic. Wooden ones are used in math and geometry classes.
What’s another name for a protractor? Small ones are also called an “iletki.”
How Do You Use a Protractor?
The protractor’s center is placed on the vertex of the angle to be measured, and the measured angle is marked off along the graduations.
Using a protractor. Measuring angles smaller than 90 degrees
Using a protractor. Measuring angles larger than 90 degrees.
French Curve
A tool used to draw irregular curved arcs (oval, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, cycloid, etc.) that can’t be drawn with a compass and ruler.
Templates
Tools and equipment used in technical drawing are designed for a variety of purposes. There are circle templates for drawing small, routine circles. They’re made from clear or translucent plastic. Circle templates usually have circle sizes ranging from 1 mm up to 36 mm in diameter. They’re available in different sizes and types.
Lettering templates, on the other hand, are templates used with technical pens to write standardized lettering on the title blocks of machine manufacturing drawings, designed to minimize errors in standard lettering.
Compasses
Used to draw circles and arcs. It’s an essential drawing tool that everyone doing technical drawing should have on hand. The compass’s hinge needs to be firm and rigid, not loose, and shouldn’t loosen easily. A compass with a loose hinge will draw a doubled circle during drawing, so it’s important to be careful when choosing a compass and to use a good-quality one.
Technical Drawing Tools and Equipment
Pencils
What does HB mean on pencils? What does B or 2B mean on pencils?
Pencils used in technical drawing come in H and B series.
The H series are hard pencils, and the B series are soft pencils. The higher the series number, the harder or softer they are. HB and F pencils are medium hardness.
HB and F pencils are generally used for technical drawing. If a slightly softer line is wanted, a B pencil is used.
For drawings on tracing paper, H and 2H pencils are recommended. Softer pencils are generally used for freehand drawing, shading work, and areas where erasing shouldn’t leave a mark.
There are also ink drawing pens, commonly known as technical drawing pens. They use India ink. India ink is used because it flows less freely than regular ink.
They’re used to draw continuous lines of consistent darkness and thickness on tracing paper, drawing film, and various other papers.
Technical Drawing Papers
Types of drawing paper:
1. Plain white drawing paper
2. Sketch paper
3. Tracing paper
4. Blueprint paper
5. Waxed paper
6. Vinyl-coated paper
7. Graph paper
8. Drawing film (acetate)
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